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The Melbourne Hebrew School was a Jewish day school established in 1855 under the auspices of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, providing general and also Hebrew studies until 1895. [ 24 ] In 1942, the first Jewish day school and kindergarten was formed in North Bondi, Sydney.
Jewish people have lived in Australia from the beginning of European settlement but the Jewish population only grew significantly after World War II, largely due to migration from Europe. The 2006 Australian Census put the Jewish population of Melbourne (Victoria's capital) at 40,547, with a national Jewish population of 88,834. [2]
In Melbourne, the Jewish population centre is Caulfield where there are streets with nearly a 100% Jewish population; the main areas of settlement spread out from Caulfield in two arcs: south through St Kilda, Elwood, Elsternwick, Brighton, Moorabbin and right down to Frankston; east through Toorak, Malvern, Hawthorn, Kew, Balwyn to Doncaster.
To service the needs of the vibrant Jewish community, Melbourne's Jewry have established multiple synagogues, which today number over 30, [58] along with a local Jewish newspaper. [59] Melbourne's largest university–Monash University is named after prominent Jewish general and statesman, John Monash. [60]
Within Victoria, 80% of all Israeli Australians live in the Glen Eira, described by Daeshi Lawrence to be “the heart of Melbourne's Jewish community”. [10] Within New South Wales many Israeli Australians live in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. [10] Pie Chart Depicting where Israeli Australians Live [11]
Jews have been a part of the Australian parliament since federation. [citation needed] In 2016 a record number of 6 MPs identified as Jewish. [1] When Kerryn Phelps won the 2018 Wentworth by-election the number rose to 7, but subsequently dropped back to 6 following the 2019 Australian federal election.
St. Kilda Hebrew Congregation in Melbourne designed by Joseph Plottel. This list of synagogues and Jewish congregations in Australia and New Zealand represents those known to have existed at some time in the history of Jewish communities in either the colonial or national periods of either countries.
Following World War I, another stream of Jewish immigrants came, and when the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933, many German Jews came to Australia. The Australian government was initially hesitant in permitting entry to the many Jews who wanted to come, but in 1938, it allotted 15,000 visas for "victims of oppression".