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The Chernobyl populations did not share increased similarity to pure-bred dogs, indicating that the populations of dogs of Chernobyl have not been inundated with individuals that are modern pets. Instead, this population is similar to free-breeding populations, indicating that the population has been established at least since the disaster in 1986.
Exempt waste (EW): Waste that meets the criteria for exclusion from regulatory control for radiation protection purposes. Very short lived waste (VSLW) : Waste with very short half-lives (often used for research and medical purposes) that can be stored over a limited period of up to a few years and subsequently cleared from regulatory control.
The waste is subsequently converted into a glass-like ceramic for storage in a deep geological repository. The time radioactive waste must be stored depends on the type of waste and radioactive isotopes it contains. Short-term approaches to radioactive waste storage have been segregation and storage on the surface or near-surface of the earth.
The level of health risk is dependent on duration and the type and strength of irradiation. Penetrating radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, neutrons or beta particles pose the greatest risk from an external source. Low penetrating radiation such as alpha particles have a low external risk due to the shielding effect of the top layers of skin.
The international Radura logo, used to show a food has been treated with ionizing radiation. A portable, trailer-mounted food irradiation machine, c. 1968 Food irradiation (sometimes American English: radurization; British English: radurisation) is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation, such as from gamma rays, x-rays, or electron beams.
Radioactive waste container located in the North-East Atlantic dumping zone (NEA zone). From 1946 through 1993, thirteen countries used ocean disposal or ocean dumping as a method to dispose of nuclear/ radioactive waste with an approximation of 200,000 tons sourcing mainly from the medical, research and nuclear industry.
Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.. Ionizing-radiation-resistant organisms (IRRO) were defined as organisms for which the dose of acute ionizing radiation (IR) required to achieve 90% reduction (D10) is greater than 1,000 gray (Gy) [1]
High-level waste is the highly radioactive waste material resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing and any solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in sufficient concentrations; and other highly radioactive material that is determined, consistent with existing law, to require permanent ...