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Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. [1]: 3 It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
The Euler equations first appeared in published form in Euler's article "Principes généraux du mouvement des fluides", published in Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Berlin in 1757 [3] (although Euler had previously presented his work to the Berlin Academy in 1752). [4]
In physics and chemistry, a non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress.In particular, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids can change when subjected to force.
The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering.The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history.
Osborne Reynolds was born in Belfast and moved with his parents soon afterward to Dedham, Essex. [5] His father, Reverend Osborne Reynolds, was a Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge who worked as a school headmaster and clergyman, but was also a very able mathematician with a keen interest in mechanics.
A Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow are at every point linearly correlated to the local strain rate — the rate of change of its deformation over time.
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. [1] They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
In fluid mechanics, external flow is a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. [1] [2] It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it.