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However, "biostatistics" more commonly connotes all applications of statistics to biology. [2] Medical statistics is a subdiscipline of statistics. It is the science of summarizing, collecting, presenting and interpreting data in medical practice, and using them to estimate the magnitude of associations and test hypotheses.
Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments , the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results.
Introduction [ edit ] Whereas traditional bioinformatics is a wide subject it has a large focus on molecular biology , pharmaceutical bioinformatics more specifically targets chemical-biological interaction and exploratory focus of chemical and biological interactors using e.g. cheminformatics and chemometrics methods.
This is especially important when the consequence of failing to treat the condition is serious and/or the treatment is very effective and has minimal side effects. A test which reliably excludes individuals who do not have the condition, resulting in a high number of true negatives and low number of false positives, will have a high specificity.
Important sub-disciplines within bioinformatics and computational biology include: Development and implementation of computer programs to efficiently access, manage, and use various types of information. Development of new mathematical algorithms and statistical measures to assess relationships among members of large data sets.
A pharmacy (also known as a chemist in Australia, New Zealand and the British Isles; or drugstore in North America; retail pharmacy in industry terminology; or apothecary, historically) is where most pharmacists practice the profession of pharmacy. It is the community pharmacy in which the dichotomy of the profession exists; health ...
Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science , deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals.
In broad usage, the "practical clinical significance" answers the question, how effective is the intervention or treatment, or how much change does the treatment cause. In terms of testing clinical treatments, practical significance optimally yields quantified information about the importance of a finding, using metrics such as effect size, number needed to treat (NNT), and preventive fraction ...