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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin.The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, [1] explore the role of mutually beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and ...
Mutual aid is an organizational model where voluntary, collaborative exchanges of resources and services for common benefit take place amongst community members to overcome social, economic, and political barriers to meeting common needs. This can include physical resources like food, clothing, or medicine, as well as services like breakfast ...
In 1886, Kropotkin was released from French prison. Fearful of the anarchist scare that was gripping continental Europe following the assassination of Alexander II and wishing to focus more time on composing theory and arguing for his revolutionary ideals, Kropotkin moved to London in the same year. [2]
Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin [a] (9 December 1842 [b] – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism.. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, Kropotkin attended Page Corps and later served as an officer in Siberia, where he participated in several geological expeditions.
After its initial release, Kropotkin continued to revise his Memoirs with Russian-language additions in a translation of the 1902 English release. These were published in multiple editions between 1906 and 1929. The canonical 1933 Soviet Academia edition derived from Kropotkin's Russian manuscript and became the basis for Soviet reprints. [1]
These meaningful quotes from writers, activists, artists, and politicians will inspire you to take action and help others on World Humanitarian Day this August. 30 World Humanitarian Day Quotes ...
Key Points. The 50/30/20 budget is a simple budgeting method. You limit fixed expenses to 50% of income, save 20%, and can spend the remaining 20%.
The term "mutualism" was first used during the 1820s; originally defined synonymously with terms such as "mutual aid, reciprocity and fair play". [3] In 1822, French utopian philosopher Charles Fourier used the term "convergent compound mutualism" ( French : mutualisme composé convergent ), in order to describe a form of progressive education ...