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Haumea (minor-planet designation: 136108 Haumea) is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. [25] It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of Caltech at the Palomar Observatory, and formally announced in 2005 by a team headed by José Luis Ortiz Moreno at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain, who had discovered it that year in precovery images taken by the team in 2003.
The number of dwarf planets in the Solar System is unknown. Estimates have run as high as 200 in the Kuiper belt [1] and over 10,000 in the region beyond. [2] However, consideration of the surprisingly low densities of many large trans-Neptunian objects, as well as spectroscopic analysis of their surfaces, suggests that the number of dwarf planets may be much lower, perhaps only nine among ...
The largest known trans-Neptunian objects are Pluto and Eris, followed by Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, and Orcus, all of them being officially recognized as dwarf planets by the IAU except for Gonggong, Sedna, and Orcus. There are also many possible dwarf planets, such as Salacia, (307261) 2002 MS 4, Varda, Ixion, and Varuna.
A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to be gravitationally rounded, but insufficient to achieve orbital dominance like the eight classical planets of the Solar System.
Animation of Haumea and its moons, imaged by Hubble in 2008. Hiʻiaka is the brighter object around Haumea (center), and Namaka is the dimmer object below. Scale diagram of Haumea, the ring, and orbits of its two moons. The dwarf planet Haumea has two known moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, named after Hawaiian goddesses.
Orbits of Haumea family members, sharing semimajor axes around 43 AU, and inclinations around 27°.. The dwarf planet Haumea is the largest member of the family, and the core of the differentiated progenitor; other identified members are the moons of Haumea and the Kuiper belt objects (55636) 2002 TX 300, (24835) 1995 SM 55, (19308) 1996 TO 66, (120178) 2003 OP 32, (145453) 2005 RR 43, (86047 ...
These lists contain the Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, many of the larger small Solar System bodies (which includes the asteroids), all named natural satellites, and a number of smaller objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects.
1995 SM 55 is a member of the Haumea family. [3] It has the highest collisional velocity, a δv of 123.3 m/s, of all confirmed members. [19] Based on their common pattern of IR water-ice absorptions, neutral visible spectrum [20] and the clustering of their orbital elements, the other KBOs 1996 TO 66, 2002 TX 300, 2003 OP 32 and 2005 RR 43 all appear to be collisional fragments broken off of ...