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The word pronoia could refer to the grant itself (land, for instance), its monetary value, or the income it produced. [1] Although pronoia was often used to reward military service or other loyalties, it carried no specific military obligation (in contrast to feudal fiefs), although the threat of revocation provided coercive power for the state.
The allagion (Greek: ἀλλάγιον) was a Byzantine military term designating a military unit of 50-400 soldiers. It first appeared in the mid-to-late 10th century, and by the 13th century had become the most frequent term used for the Byzantine army's standing regiments, persisting until the late 14th century.
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the middle Byzantine Empire.They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe and Muslim conquests of parts of Byzantine territory, and replaced the earlier provincial system established by ...
These continued a tradition of Greek-Hellenistic warfare and tacticians that stretched back to Xenophon and Aeneas Tacticus, late Hellenistic military manuals adapted and applied for the needs and realities of the Byzantine army, most of them deriving from the wide corpus of ancient Greek and late Hellenistic authors, especially Aelian, [1 ...
It was 1.9 to 3.1 meters in length with a 23–39 cm head, for use by medium infantrymen (called menaulatoi after their weapon) against enemy kataphraktoi – an excellent example of a weapon and a type of specialized soldier developed for a specific tactical role. [60]
[1] The Strategikon may have been written in an effort to codify the military reforms brought about by the soldier-emperor Maurice. The true authorship of the Strategikon is still debated among academics. Maurice may have only commissioned it and perhaps his brother Peter or, more likely, another general was the true author. The date also ...
The Byzantine army of the Komnenian era or Komnenian army [2] was a force established by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the late 11th/early 12th century. It was further developed during the 12th century by his successors John II Komnenos and Manuel I Komnenos.
High command structure of the East Roman army c. 395 AD. Based on the Notitia Dignitatum, a late Roman manual of official posts. The later 4th-century army contained three types of army group: (1) Imperial escort armies (comitatus praesentales). These were ordinarily based near Constantinople, but often accompanied the emperors on campaign.