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Human ecology may be defined: (1) from a bio-ecological standpoint as the study of man as the ecological dominant in plant and animal communities and systems; (2) from a bio-ecological standpoint as simply another animal affecting and being affected by his physical environment; and (3) as a human being, somehow different from animal life in ...
A\J: Alternatives Journal—published by the Environmental Studies Association of Canada; Annual Review of Environment and Resources—published by Annual Reviews, Inc.; eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)—established by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the University of Innsbruck, and other organizations—covering mountain research in protected area
GAIA: Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society (Gaia: Ökologische Perspektiven für Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft) is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1992. Its main focus is on background information, analyses, and solutions of environmental and sustainability problems. Since 2001 it is published by oekom verlag.
Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes. Political ecology differs from apolitical ecological studies by politicizing environmental issues and phenomena.
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. [1]
The German term Landschaftsökologie – thus landscape ecology – was coined by German geographer Carl Troll in 1939. [10] He developed this terminology and many early concepts of landscape ecology as part of his early work, which consisted of applying aerial photograph interpretation to studies of interactions between environment and vegetation.
David Landes similarly condemns of what he terms the unscientific moral geography of Ellsworth Huntington. He argues that Huntington undermined geography as a science by attributing all human activity to physical influences so that he might classify civilizations hierarchically – favoring those civilizations he considered best. [23]
Opinions differ on who was the founder of modern ecological theory. Some mark Haeckel's definition as the beginning; [242] others say it was Eugenius Warming with the writing of Oecology of Plants: An Introduction to the Study of Plant Communities (1895), [243] or Carl Linnaeus' principles on the economy of nature that matured in the early 18th ...