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Referenced in 1957, this test [12] works because melamine combines with the cyanuric acid in the water to form a fine, white precipitate of the insoluble complex melamine cyanurate that causes the water to cloud in proportion to the amount of cyanuric acid in it. More recently, a sensitive method has been developed for analysis of cyanuric acid ...
Limescale build-up inside a pipe reduces both liquid flow and thermal conduction from the pipe, so will reduce thermal efficiency when used as a heat exchanger.. A descaling agent or chemical descaler is a liquid chemical substance used to remove limescale from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, water heaters, and kettles.
Water reducers are special chemical products added to a concrete mixture before it is poured. They are from the same family of products as retarders . The first class of water reducers was the lignosulfonates which has been used since the 1930s.
A hybrid water heater is a water heating system that integrates technology traits from both the tank-type water heaters and the tankless water heaters. [6] It maintains water pressure and consistent supply of hot water across multiple hot water applications, and like its tankless cousins, it is efficient and can supply a continuous flow of hot ...
As these need to operate in any orientation, they use a different mechanism rather than a float. The hygroscopic vent system uses hygroscopic cellulose fibre discs. [7] These are small discs of material that expand when wet and shrink if warm and dry. A dry valve acts as an air vent until a dribble of water passes through it and swells the ...
If this vent valve has not be opened sufficiently, the deaerator will not work properly, resulting in feed water with a high oxygen content going to the boilers. Should the boiler not have an oxygen-content analyzer, a high level in the boiler chlorides may indicate the vent valve not being far enough open.
In marine applications, this can increase fresh water requirements as the boiler must be continuously washed to remove the deposits. Most catalysts on the market have porous structures and a geometries optimized for increasing their specific surface area (a clay planting pot is a good example of what SCR catalyst feels like).
A reducer reduces the pipe size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner diameter). Alternatively, reducer may refer to any fitting which causes a change in pipe diameter. [15] This change may be intended to meet hydraulic flow requirements of the system or adapt to existing piping of a different size. The reduction length is usually equal to the ...