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The word derives from the Medieval Latin empyreus, an adaptation of the Ancient Greek empyros (ἔμπυρος), meaning "in or on the fire (pyr)". [ 1 ] In Christian religious cosmologies, the Empyrean was "the source of light" and where God and saved souls resided, [ 1 ] and in medieval Christianity, the Empyrean was the third heaven and ...
These words all translate the Biblical Hebrew word rāqīaʿ (רָקִ֫יעַ ), used for example in Genesis 1.6, where it is contrasted with shamayim (שָׁמַיִם ), translated as "heaven(s)" in Genesis 1.1. Rāqīaʿ derives from the root rqʿ (רָקַע ), meaning "to beat or spread out thinly".
The concept of seven heavens as developed in ancient Mesopotamia where it took on a symbolic or magical meaning as opposed to a literal one. [4] The concept of a seven-tiered was likely In the Sumerian language, the words for heavens (or sky) and Earth are An and Ki. [5]
The innermost spheres are the terrestrial spheres, while the outer are made of aether and contain the celestial bodies. In Plato 's Timaeus (58d) speaking about air, Plato mentions that "there is the most translucent kind which is called by the name of aether (αἰθήρ)" [ 9 ] but otherwise he adopted the classical system of four elements.
Caelus or Coelus (/ ˈ s iː l ə s /; SEE-ləs) was a primordial god of the sky in Roman mythology and theology, iconography, and literature (compare caelum, the Latin word for "sky" or "heaven", hence English "celestial"). The deity's name usually appears in masculine grammatical form when he is conceived of as a male generative force.
Bas relief of a seraph carrying a hot coal on the walls of the Jerusalem International YMCA.. A seraph (/ ˈ s ɛr ə f /; pl.: seraphim / ˈ s ɛr ə f ɪ m /; Hebrew: שְׂרָפִים sərāp̄īm, pl. שָׂרָף sārāp̄) [a] is a celestial or heavenly being originating in Ancient Judaism.
A relief from grave of Lysimachides, 320 BC. Two men and two women sit together as Charon, the ferryman of the Underworld, approaches to take him to the land of the dead.. In Greek mythology, deities referred to as chthonic (/ ˈ θ ɒ n ɪ k /) or chthonian (/ ˈ θ oʊ n i ə n /) [a] were gods or spirits who inhabited the underworld or existed in or under the earth, and were typically ...
Daytime gods and nighttime gods are frequently deities of an "upper world" or "celestial world" opposed to the earth and a "netherworld" (gods of the underworld are sometimes called "chthonic" deities). [1] Within Greek mythology, Uranus was the primordial sky god, who was ultimately succeeded by Zeus, who ruled the celestial realm atop Mount ...