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Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the jugular venous arch (or venous jugular arch), which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein.
They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae.
They are most prominent in the cervical region [1] where they form anastomoses with the vertebral, occipital, and deep cervical veins. [2] The anterior external vertebral venous plexuses are situated anteriorly to the vertebral bodies. They communicate with the basivertebral and intervertebral veins, and receive tributaries from the vertebral ...
This vein receives the occipital vein occasionally, the posterior external jugular, and, near its termination, the transverse cervical, transverse scapular, and anterior jugular veins; in the substance of the parotid, a large branch of communication from the internal jugular joins it. The external jugular vein drains into the subclavian vein ...
(2) four lateral longitudinal veins which run behind the nerve roots. They end in the intervertebral veins. Near the base of the skull they unite, and form two or three small trunks, which communicate with the vertebral veins, and then end in the inferior cerebellar veins, or in the inferior petrosal sinuses.
Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. [1] There are no valves in this vein. [1] The pretracheal lymph nodes follow the anterior jugular vein on each side of the ...
The posterior external jugular vein begins in the occipital region and returns the blood from the skin and superficial muscles in the upper and back part of the neck, lying between the splenius and trapezius. It runs down the back part of the neck, and opens into the external jugular vein just below the middle of its course.
The posterior internal vertebral venous plexus [2] consists of two veins situated - one on either side - upon the anterior aspect of the vertebral arches and ligamenta flava. They form anastomoses with posterior external plexuses by way of veins passing through or between the ligamenta flava.