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Salvia officinalis, the common sage or sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae and native to the Mediterranean region , though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world.
The classification of Salvia has long been based on the genus' unusual pollination and stamen structure, which was presumed to have evolved only once. More recently, a study using DNA sequencing of Salvia species has shown that different versions of this lever mechanism have evolved at least three different times within Salvia.
Salvia (/ ˈ s æ l v i ə /) [3] is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with just under 1,000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. [4] [5] [6] Within the Lamiaceae, Salvia is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. [4]
The genus name, Salvia, was first used by Pliny for a plant that was likely Salvia officinalis (common sage) and is derived from the Latin salvere. [17] [18] The specific epithet, divinorum, was given because of the plant's traditional use in divination. [8] It is often loosely translated as "diviner's sage" or "seer's sage". [19]
Also called English, Garden, and True sage oil. Made by steam distillation of Salvia officinalis partially dried leaves. Yields range from 0.5 to 1.0%. A colorless to yellow liquid with a warm camphoraceous, thujone-like odor and sharp and bitter taste. The main components of the oil are thujone (50%), camphor, pinene, and cineol.
The phytochemical properties of Salvia jurisicii are considered comparable to those of the culinary sage, Salvia officinalis. [8] This is supported by Alimpich et al., [9] whose phytochemical analysis of above-ground parts of Salvia jurisicii indicates that the plant, especially the leaves, could be regarded as a potential source of natural ...
Sepia officinalis, the common cuttlefish or European common cuttlefish, a cuttlefish species native to the Mediterranean Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea; Stachys officinalis, the purple betony, bishopwort, lousewort, wild hop, wood betony or bishop's wort, a perennial grassland herb species found in most of Europe, western Asia and North Africa
The essential oil of S. officinalis subsp. lavandulifolia has been found to have a selective acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting effect, (in as far as the regions of the brain in which acetylcholinesterase activity has been demonstrated, such areas are striatum and hippocampus) with an IC 50 value of 0.03 μg/ml.