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Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
Discretionary income is disposable income (after-tax income), minus all payments that are necessary to meet current bills. It is total personal income after subtracting taxes and minimal survival expenses (such as food, medicine, rent or mortgage, utilities, insurance, transportation, property maintenance, child support, etc.) to maintain a certain standard of living. [8]
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) normally require that companies report current assets and liabilities separately from non-current amounts. [5] [6] A GAAP-compliant balance sheet must list assets and liabilities based on decreasing liquidity, from most liquid to least liquid. As a result, current assets/liabilities are listed ...
It includes every form of cash income, e.g., salaries and wages, retirement income, investment income and cash transfers from the government. It may include near-cash government transfers like food stamps , and it may be adjusted to include social transfers in-kind, such as the value of publicly provided health care and education.
Revenues from a business's primary activities are reported as sales, sales revenue or net sales. [2] This includes product returns and discounts for early payment of invoices . Most businesses also have revenue that is incidental to the business's primary activities, such as interest earned on deposits in a demand account .
An "accrual basis taxpayer" determines when income is earned based on specific tests, such as the "all-events test" and the "earlier-of test". [8] However, the details of these tests and the timing of income recognition may vary depending on local tax laws and regulations.
If a taxpayer realizes income (e.g., gain) from an installment sale, the income generally may be reported by the taxpayer under the "installment method." [5] The "installment method" is defined as "a method under which the income recognized for any taxable year [ . . . ] is that proportion of the payments received in that year which the gross profit [ . . . ] bears to the total contract price."
More commonly, this is reported on the income statement as "income (or loss) before taxes". Taxes are then subtracted from the pre-tax income to give a final net income or net profit (or net loss) figure. Net income or net profit which is not expended to shareholders in the form of dividends becomes part of retained earnings.