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A pronoia was a grant that temporarily transferred imperial fiscal rights to an individual or institution. These rights were most commonly taxes or incomes from cultivated lands, but they could also be other income streams such as water and fishing rights, customs collection, etc. and the various rights to a specific piece of geography could be granted to separate individuals.
The allagion (Greek: ἀλλάγιον) was a Byzantine military term designating a military unit of 50-400 soldiers. It first appeared in the mid-to-late 10th century, and by the 13th century had become the most frequent term used for the Byzantine army's standing regiments, persisting until the late 14th century.
Theodore founded the Palaeologus-Montferrat cadet branch of the Palaiologos dynasty, [12] fusing and subsuming the Aleramici lineage with a succession that derived from Byzantium and carried the name of the Palaiologan emperors. [8] Theodore's family ruled Monferrat until the 16th century.
After 1204, the Byzantine Empire was partitioned into various successor states, with the Latin Empire in control of Constantinople. Following the Fourth Crusade, the Byzantine Empire had fractured into the Greek successor-states of Nicaea, Epirus, and Trebizond, with a multitude of Frankish and Latin possessions occupying the remainder, nominally subject to the Latin Emperors at Constantinople.
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the middle Byzantine Empire.They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe and Muslim conquests of parts of Byzantine territory, and replaced the earlier provincial system established by ...
The two northern Italian trading powers created the conditions that allowed them to reach any point in Byzantium, and to put the entire economic region in the service of their commercial interests. [89] The Palaiologoi tried to revive the economy, and re-establish traditional forms of political supervision, and guidance of the economy. It was ...
Basil expanded Byzantine control over most of Armenia and his reign is widely considered as the apogee of medieval Byzantium. [77] Constantine VIII Κωνσταντῖνος: 15 December 1025 – 12 November 1028 (2 years, 10 months and 28 days) The second son of Romanos II, Constantine was born in 960 and raised to co-emperor on 30 March 962.
He was assisted by one or two officers called topotērētēs "place-warden, lieutenant" (τοποτηρητής), each of whom commanded one half of the unit. [20] Unlike the thematic units, there were no permanent intermediate command levels ( tourmarchai , chiliarchoi or pentakosiarchai ) until Leo VI introduced the droungarios c. after 902 ...