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[5] During Simeon's rule, Bulgaria spread over a territory between the Aegean, the Adriatic and the Black seas. [6] [7] The newly independent Bulgarian Orthodox Church became the first new patriarchate besides the Pentarchy, and Bulgarian Glagolitic and Cyrillic translations of Christian texts spread all over the Slavic world of the time. [8]
The Golden Age of Bulgaria is the period of the Bulgarian cultural prosperity during the reign of emperor Simeon I the Great (889—927). [1] The term was coined by Spiridon Palauzov in the mid 19th century. During this period there was an increase of literature, writing, arts, architecture and liturgical reforms.
Simeon I (893–927) was the first Bulgarian ruler to rule as tsar.His official title translates to "Emperor of the Bulgarians and the Romans". Evidence concerning the titles used by the rulers of the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018) prior to the conversion to Christianity in the 860s is scant.
[3] [5] [6] Simeon continued the policy of his father Boris I (r. 852–889) of establishing and disseminating Bulgarian culture, turning the country into the literary and spiritual centre of Slavic Europe. The Preslav and literary schools, founded under Boris I, reached their apogee during the reign of his successor.
1 According to, among others, Crampton, Delev, Dobrev and Lalkov. 2 Bulgaria ruled all land east of the Danube and west of the Dnieper according to Constantine VII's De Administrando Imperio (c. 950), but actual Bulgarian control was often partial, weak and/or inconsistent in many of the scarcely-populated areas north of the Danube.
The first website about Simeon II of Bulgaria focuses on his pre-1995 history; Saxe-Coburg-Gotha's statement, 5 July 2002 concerning Bulgaria's candidacy for NATO membership: "The role of the international community should be gradually transformed from crisis response to integration. Palliative measures intended to mitigate yet another crisis ...
Halfway through his reign, Simeon assumed the title of Tsar of Bulgarians and the Romans., [1] having prior to that been styled Knyaz. [2] He was recognised and crowned by Patriarch Nicholas I Mystikos in 913 as Emperor of the Bulgarians by Patriarch Nicholas in the Blachernae Palace [3] [4] outside the city walls of Constantinople.
The Battle of Achelous or Acheloos (Bulgarian: Битката при Ахелой, Greek: Μάχη του Αχελώου), [4] also known as the Battle of Anchialus, [5] took place on 20 August 917, on the Achelous river near the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, close to the fortress Tuthom (modern Pomorie) between Bulgarian and Byzantine forces.