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The 8254, described as a superset of the 8253 with higher clock speed ratings, has a "preliminary" data sheet in the 1982 Intel "Component Data Catalog". The 8254 is implemented in HMOS and has a "Read Back" command not available on the 8253, and permits reading and writing of the same counter to be interleaved. [2]
The Intel 8253 PIT was the original timing device used on IBM PC compatibles.It used a 1.193182 MHz clock signal (one third of the color burst frequency used by NTSC, one twelfth of the system clock crystal oscillator, [1] therefore one quarter of the 4.77 MHz CPU clock) and contains three timers.
IIRC, the second counter was used to sync disk drive writing. If you have ever played around with the PIT clock on a 386, such as using it to play low sample-rate audio streamed from disk to the PC speaker, you will notice this straight away during disk read/writes. --58.164.132.207 04:21, 27 November 2012 (UTC)
The documentation of Red Hat MRG version 2 states that TSC is the preferred clock source due to its much lower overhead, but it uses HPET as a fallback. A benchmark in that environment for 10 million event counts found that TSC took about 0.6 seconds, HPET took slightly over 12 seconds, and ACPI Power Management Timer took around 24 seconds.
In computing, Intel's Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) is a family of programmable interrupt controllers. As its name suggests, the APIC is more advanced than Intel's 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC), particularly enabling the construction of multiprocessor systems. It is one of several architectural designs ...
In early processors, the TSC was a cycle counter, incrementing by 1 for each clock cycle (which could cause its rate to vary on processors that could change clock speed at runtime) – in later processors, it increments at a fixed rate that doesn't necessarily match the CPU clock speed. [n] Usually 3 [o] Intel Pentium, AMD K5, Cyrix 6x86MX ...
Learn how to download and install or uninstall the Desktop Gold software and if your computer meets the system requirements.
Tick–tock was a production model adopted in 2007 by chip manufacturer Intel.Under this model, every new process technology was first used to manufacture a die shrink of a proven microarchitecture (tick), followed by a new microarchitecture on the now-proven process (tock).