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Jugaad (Hindustani: जुगाड़ jugaaḍ / جگاڑ jugaaṛ ()) is a concept of non-conventional, frugal innovation in the Indian subcontinent. [1] It also includes innovative fixes or simple workarounds, solutions that bend the rules, or resources that can be used in such a way.
[1] In India, Romanised Hindi is the dominant form of expression online. In an analysis of YouTube comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in Devanagari Hindi. [9] Romanised Hindi is also used by some newspapers such as The Times of India.
Also, some words only exhibit stress alternation in certain dialects of English. For a list of homographs with different pronunciations (heteronyms) see Heteronym (linguistics) . This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items .
In January 2018, a "Similar-sounding words" feature was added to the English dictionary which highlights words that sound similar such as "aesthetic" and "ascetic", "pray" and "prey", "conscientious" and "conscious" etc. [20] "Google Word Coach" vocabulary game was made available along with dictionary searches and as a separate game on mobile ...
Many of the Hindi and Urdu equivalents have originated from Sanskrit; see List of English words of Sanskrit origin. Many loanwords are of Persian origin; see List of English words of Persian origin, with some of the latter being in turn of Arabic or Turkic origin. In some cases words have entered the English language by multiple routes ...
A number of distinctive features of Indian English are due to "the vagaries of English spelling". [53] Most Indian languages, unlike English, have a nearly phonetic spelling, so the spelling of a word is a highly reliable guide to its modern pronunciation. Indians' tendency to pronounce English phonetically as well can cause divergence from ...
For a word of length n and an alphabet of size a, for edit distance 1 there are at most n deletions, n-1 transpositions, a*n alterations, and a*(n+1) insertions. [5] Using only the 26 letters in the English alphabet , this would produce only 54*n+25 dictionary lookups, minus any duplicates (which depends on the specific letters in the word).
A spelling pronunciation is the pronunciation of a word according to its spelling when this differs from a longstanding standard or traditional pronunciation. Words that are spelled with letters that were never pronounced or that were not pronounced for many generations or even hundreds of years have increasingly been pronounced as written, especially since the arrival of mandatory schooling ...