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Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971, [2] [3] from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and reached the planet on November 14 of the same year, [2] [3] becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet ...
Viking 1 orbiter, likely to be in orbit as of 2019. [9] Mariner 9 was expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when the spacecraft was projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface. [10] Mars Global Surveyor is predicted to orbit until 2046 (50 years after insertion). [11]
Sisterships Mariner 3 and Mariner 4 were Mars flyby missions. [18] Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars. [1] Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first ...
An omnidirectional low-gain antenna was mounted on a 223.5 cm (7 ft 4.0 in) tall mast next to the high-gain antenna. The overall height of the spacecraft was 2.89 metres (9.5 ft). The octagonal frame housed the electronic equipment, cabling, midcourse propulsion system, and attitude control gas supplies and regulators. [2]
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Mars 3's descent module was released at 09:14 UT on December 2, 1971, 4 hours 35 minutes before reaching Mars. [6] The descent module entered the Martian atmosphere at roughly 5.7 km/s. Through aerodynamic braking , parachutes , and retrorockets , the lander achieved a soft landing at 45°S 202°E / 45°S 202°E / -45; 202 [ 4 ] and ...
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