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In cancer patients whose cancer has metastasised, galectin-3 is higher still, suggesting that this galectin has a crucial role in metastasis. [18] Galectin-3 also binds to MUC-1, a very large transmembrane mucin, which on cancer cells changes expression from long core 2 type O-glycosylation to shorter core 1 type O-glycosylation. Core 2 glycans ...
It is often found attached to proteins, and the resulting arabinogalactan protein (AGP) functions as both an intercellular signaling molecule and a glue to seal plant wounds. [1] The microbial arabinogalactan is a major structural component of the mycobacterial cell wall. [2] [3] Both the arabinose and galactose exist solely in the furanose ...
Arabinogalactan endo-β-1,4-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.89, endo-1,4-β-galactanase, galactanase, arabinogalactanase, ganB (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name arabinogalactan 4-β-D-galactanohydrolase. [1] [2] [3] It specifically catalyses the hydrolysis (1→4)-β-D-galactosidic linkages in type I arabinogalactans.
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) found in the cell walls of plants. Each one consists of a protein with sugar molecules attached (which can account for more than 90% of the total mass). They are members of the wider class of hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich cell wall glycoproteins, a large and diverse ...
In cancer cells, major changes in gene expression increase glucose uptake to support their rapid growth. Unlike normal cells, which produce lactate only when oxygen is low, cancer cells convert much of the glucose to lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen. This is known as the “Warburg Effect.”
An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkyl group (C n H 2n+1) to DNA. [1] Since cancer cells, in general, proliferate faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to DNA damage—such as being alkylated. Alkylating agents are used to ...
Scientist Otto Warburg, whose research activities led to the formulation of the Warburg hypothesis for explaining the root cause of cancer.. The Warburg hypothesis (/ ˈ v ɑːr b ʊər ɡ /), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of carcinogenesis (cancer formation) is insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult (damage) to mitochondria. [1]
Yariv reagent (1,3,5-tri(p-glycosyloxyphenylazo)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene) is a glycosylated phenolic compound that binds strongly to galactans and arabinogalactan proteins. [1] [2] [3] It can therefore be used in their detection, quantification, precipitation, isolation, staining, and interfere with their function.