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Knot patterns first appeared in the third and fourth centuries AD and can be seen in Roman floor mosaics of that time. Interesting developments in the artistic use of interlaced knot patterns are found in Byzantine architecture and book illumination , Coptic art , Celtic art, Islamic art , Kievan Rus' book illumination, Ethiopian art , and ...
Women in the Middle Ages in Europe occupied a number of different social roles. Women held the positions of wife, mother, peasant, artisan, and nun, as well as some important leadership roles, such as abbess or queen regnant. The very concept of women changed in a number of ways during the Middle Ages, [ 2 ] and several forces influenced women ...
Many books of hours were made for women. There is some evidence that they were sometimes given as a wedding present from a husband to his bride. [9] Frequently they were passed down through the family, as recorded in wills. [9] Until about the 15th century paper was rare and most books of hours consisted of parchment sheets made from animal skins.
The Arts and Crafts movement was an international trend in the decorative and fine arts that developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles [ 1 ] and subsequently spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and America. [ 2 ] Initiated in reaction against the perceived impoverishment of the decorative arts and the ...
The English word Christmas is a shortened form of 'Christ's Mass'. [3] The word is recorded as Crīstesmæsse in 1038 and Cristes-messe in 1131. [4] Crīst (genitive Crīstes) is from the Greek Χριστός (Khrīstos, 'Christ'), a translation of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Māšîaḥ, 'Messiah'), meaning 'anointed'; [5] [6] and mæsse is from the Latin missa, the celebration of the ...
An offset, off-set, or unbalanced weave is one in which the pattern finishes at the edge in the middle of a pivot colour; this was typically done with pieces intended to be joined (e.g. for a belted plaid or a blanket) to make larger spans of cloth with the pattern continuing across the seam; [8] [64] if the tartan had a selvedge mark or ...
Ridge and furrow in Grendon, Northamptonshire. Ridge and Furrow, in East Leake, Nottinghamshire. Ridge and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin: sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open-field system. It is also known as rig (or rigg) and furrow ...
Christianity in the Middle Ages covers the history of Christianity from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end of the period is variously defined - depending on the context, events such as the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, Christopher Columbus 's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, or the Protestant ...