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A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [ 1 ] the probability of a particular n {\displaystyle n} -bit output result (hash value) for a random input string ("message") is 2 − ...
The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including: SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA".
SHA-3(Secure Hash Algorithm 3) is the latest[4]member of the Secure Hash Algorithmfamily of standards, released by NISTon August 5, 2015. [5][6][7]Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structureof SHA-1and SHA-2. SHA-3 is a subset of the broader cryptographic primitive family Keccak ...
Cryptographic primitives are one of the building blocks of every cryptosystem, e.g., TLS, SSL, SSH, etc. Cryptosystem designers, not being in a position to definitively prove their security, must take the primitives they use as secure. Choosing the best primitive available for use in a protocol usually provides the best available security.
Merkle tree. An example of a binary hash tree. Hashes 0-0 and 0-1 are the hash values of data blocks L1 and L2, respectively, and hash 0 is the hash of the concatenation of hashes 0-0 and 0-1. In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data ...
Collision resistance. In cryptography, collision resistance is a property of cryptographic hash functions: a hash function H is collision-resistant if it is hard to find two inputs that hash to the same output; that is, two inputs a and b where a ≠ b but H (a) = H (b). [ 1 ]: 136 The pigeonhole principle means that any hash function with more ...
A minimal perfect hash function is a perfect hash function that maps n keys to n consecutive integers – usually the numbers from 0 to n − 1 or from 1 to n. A more formal way of expressing this is: Let j and k be elements of some finite set S. Then h is a minimal perfect hash function if and only if h(j) = h(k) implies j = k (injectivity ...
The Whirlpool hash function is a Merkle–Damgård construction based on an AES -like block cipher W in Miyaguchi–Preneel mode. [2] The block cipher W consists of an 8×8 state matrix of bytes, for a total of 512 bits. The encryption process consists of updating the state with four round functions over 10 rounds.