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The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including: SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA".
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [ 1 ] the probability of a particular n {\displaystyle n} -bit output result (hash value) for a random input string ("message") is 2 − ...
In certain cryptographic hash functions such as RIPEMD-160, the former is less than the latter because RIPEMD-160 use two sets of parallel computation values and then combine into a single set of chaining values. ^ The maximum input size = 2length size − 1 bits. For example, the maximum input size of SHA-1 = 264 − 1 bits.
The first public collision was published on 23 February 2017. [2] SHA-1 is prone to length extension attacks. In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160- bit (20- byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits.
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [ 3 ][ 4 ] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling function RIPEMD: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-128: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-160: 160 bits hash RIPEMD-256: 256 bits hash RIPEMD-320: 320 bits hash SHA-1: 160 bits Merkle ...
File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum. This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files. A more popular approach is to generate a hash of the copied ...
Merkle–Damgård construction. In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. [1]: 145 This construction was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA ...