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Free-radical halogenation. In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl -substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform (CHCl 3), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2), and hexachlorobutadiene.
Halogenation of saturated hydrocarbons is a substitution reaction. The reaction typically involves free radical pathways. The regiochemistry of the halogenation of alkanes is largely determined by the relative weakness of the C–H bonds. This trend is reflected by the faster reaction at tertiary and secondary positions.
Free-radical substitution, for instance free-radical halogenation and autoxidation. Free-radical addition reactions; Intramolecular free radical reactions (substitution or addition) such as the Hofmann–Löffler reaction or the Barton reaction; Free radical rearrangement reactions are rare compared to rearrangements involving carbocations and ...
Alkanes react with halogens by free radical halogenation. In this reaction a hydrogen atom is removed from the alkane, then replaced by a halogen atom by reaction with a diatomic halogen molecule. Free radical halogenation typically produces a mixture of compounds mono- or multihalogenated at various positions.
Hydrohalogenation. A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. [1][2][3] If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon ...
In organic chemistry, free-radical addition is an addition reaction which involves free radicals. These reactions can happen due to the free radicals having an unpaired electron in their valence shell, making them highly reactive. [ 1 ] Radical additions are known for a variety of unsaturated substrates, both olefinic or aromatic and with or ...
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [ 1 ][ 2 ] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most organic radicals have short lifetimes.
The pair of electrons become split, denoted by the two fish hook arrows between both atoms pointing to both chlorine atoms. After the reaction occurs, it leads to both chlorine molecules left with a single unpaired electron. This is the initiation stage of free radical halogenation. Homolytic bond cleavage of chlorine