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Self-deception. Self-deception is a process of denying or rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument. Self-deception involves convincing oneself of a truth (or lack of truth) so that one does not reveal any self-knowledge of the deception.
Bad faith may be viewed in some cases to not involve deception, as in some kinds of hypochondria with actual physical manifestations. There is a question about the truth or falsity of statements made in bad faith self-deception; for example, the veracity of a hypochondriac making a complaint about their psychosomatic condition. [5]
Deception is the act of convincing one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the message has a tendency to believe it (although it is not always the case). [1] It is often done for personal gain or advantage. [2][3] Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda ...
Hypocrisy is the practice of feigning to be what one is not or to believe what one does not. [ 1 ] The word "hypocrisy" entered the English language c. 1200 with the meaning "the sin of pretending to virtue or goodness". [ 2 ] Today, "hypocrisy" often refers to advocating behaviors that one does not practice.
Positive illusions are a form of self-deception or self-enhancement that feel good; maintain self-esteem; or avoid discomfort, at least in the short term. There are three general forms: inflated assessment of one's own abilities, unrealistic optimism about the future, and an illusion of control. [1] The term "positive illusions" originates in a ...
Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. [ 1 ] This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem. [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] Self-enhancement involves a preference for positive over negative self-views. [ 5 ]
Gaslighting is a colloquialism, defined as manipulating someone into questioning their own perception of reality. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The expression, which derives from the title of the 1944 film Gaslight, became popular in the mid-2010s. Merriam-Webster cites deception of one's memory, perception of reality, or mental stability. [ 2 ]
In existentialism, bad faith (French: mauvaise foi) is the psychological phenomenon whereby individuals act inauthentically, by yielding to the external pressures of society to adopt false values and disown their innate freedom as sentient human beings. [1] Bad faith also derives from the related concepts of self-deception and ressentiment.