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Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced.
The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is the foundation of the system of military justice of the armed forces of the United States.The UCMJ was established by the United States Congress in accordance with their constitutional authority, per Article I Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, which provides that "The Congress shall have Power . . . to make Rules for the Government and ...
Subtitle A—General Military Law, including Uniform Code of Military Justice; Subtitle B—Army; Subtitle C—Navy and Marine Corps; Subtitle D—Air Force and Space Force [2] Subtitle E—Reserve Components; Subtitle F—Alternative Military Personnel Systems
Officers serving in the JAG Corps are typically called judge advocates. Judge advocates are responsible for administrative law, government contracting, civilian and military personnel law, the law of war and international relations, environmental law, etc. They also serve as prosecutors for the military when conducting courts-martial.
The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law (18 U.S.C. § 1385, original at 20 Stat. 152) signed on June 18, 1878, by President Rutherford B. Hayes that limits the powers of the federal government in the use of federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies within the United States.
Military dictatorship, an authoritarian government controlled by a military and its political designees, called a military junta when done extralegally; Military junta, a government led by a committee of military leaders; Stratocracy, a government traditionally or constitutionally run by a military
A court-martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment.
Military justice, the legal system applying to members of the armed forces; Martial law, where military authority takes over normal administration of law; Military occupation, when a country or area is occupied after invasion. List of military occupations; Military dictatorship, a form of government where political power resides with the military