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Definition. Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
The molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as its conductivity divided by its molar concentration. [1][2] where: κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance), [3] c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte. The SI unit of molar conductivity is siemens metres squared per mole (S m 2 mol −1). [2]
The term molality is formed in analogy to molarity which is the molar concentration of a solution. The earliest known use of the intensive property molality and of its adjectival unit, the now-deprecated molal, appears to have been published by G. N. Lewis and M. Randall in the 1923 publication of Thermodynamics and the Free Energies of Chemical Substances. [3]
For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: feq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c (H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
Concentration. In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. [1] The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most ...
Here, a stock solution of glutamine is added in increasing increments with a high-accuracy instrument, such as a volumetric pipette, and diluted to the same volume in volumetric flasks. The resulting concentration is calculated using the formula for molar concentration. The result is 4 standard solutions with varying known concentrations plus a ...
Dilution (equation) Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all parts of ...