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The development of slave narratives from autobiographical accounts to modern fictional works led to the establishment of slave narratives as a literary genre.This large rubric of this so-called "captivity literature" includes more generally "any account of the life, or a major portion of the life, of a fugitive or former slave, either written or orally related by the slave himself or herself". [4]
In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, [3] and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime. [4] [5] In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner.
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. Likewise, its victims have come from many different ethnicities and religious groups. The social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places. [1]
As a Roman letter expressing ambivalence about slavery from the 1st century, it has been compared to the early Christian writing in Paul's Epistle to Philemon. [5] And Gregory of Nyssa in the 4th century condemns slavery outright, in rhetorical terms that may draw from Seneca, but that go beyond him.
These narratives have had an enduring place in literature, history, ethnography, and the study of Native peoples. They were preceded, among English-speaking peoples, by publication of captivity narratives related to English people taken captive and held by Barbary pirates, or sold for ransom or slavery. Others were taken captive in the Middle East.
This bibliography of slavery in the United States is a guide to books documenting the history of slavery in the U.S., from its colonial origins in the 17th century through the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which officially abolished the practice in 1865. In addition, links are provided to related bibliographies and ...
Slavery was customary in antiquity, and it is condoned by the Torah. [12] The Bible uses the Hebrew term eved (עֶבֶד) to refer to slavery; however, eved has a much wider meaning than the English term slavery, and in several circumstances it is more accurately translated into English as servant. [13]
An English court case of 1569 involving Cartwright who had bought a slave from Russia ruled that English law could not recognise slavery. This ruling was overshadowed by later developments, particularly in the Navigation Acts , but was upheld by the Lord Chief Justice in 1701 when he ruled that a slave became free as soon as he arrived in England.