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Vinclozolin (trade names Ronilan, Curalan, Vorlan, Touche) is a common dicarboximide fungicide used to control diseases, such as blights, rots and molds in vineyards, and on fruits and vegetables such as raspberries, lettuce, kiwi, snap beans, and onions.
In the eastern vineyards this disease is estimated to infect 30% of grapes while in California it can infect up to half. [83] This can reduce yields by 40–60%. [15] [84] Much like black rot, bunch rot overwinters in the berries and infects the next season's crop through spore ejections in the summer. [85]
damages on leaves. Grape black rot is a fungal disease caused by an ascomycetous fungus, Guignardia bidwellii, that attacks grape vines during hot and humid weather. “Grape black rot originated in eastern North America, but now occurs in portions of Europe, South America, and Asia.
Pydiflumetofen is a broad spectrum fungicide used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. It was first marketed by Syngenta in 2016 using their brand name Miravis . The compound is an amide which combines a pyrazole acid with a substituted phenethylamine to give an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase , [ 3 ] an enzyme that ...
Copper fungicides work by slowly releasing positively charged copper ions Cu + and Cu 2+ in concentrations that interact with nucleic acids, interfere with energy transport, disrupt enzyme activity, and affect the integrity of cell membranes of pathogens. [5] [6] Both ions have fungicidal and bactericidal activity.
Fungicide residues have been found on food for human consumption, mostly from post-harvest treatments. [16] Some fungicides are dangerous to human health, such as vinclozolin, which has now been removed from use. [17] Ziram is also a fungicide that is toxic to humans with long-term exposure, and fatal if ingested. [18]
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Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is a disease that causes symptoms in the common grapevine species, Vitis vinifera, in many regions of the world. [2] This disease is mainly caused by the fungal pathogen, Phomopsis viticola, and is known to affect many cultivars of table grapes, such as Thompson Seedless, Red Globe, and Flame Seedless. [3]