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2. Spondylolisthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylolisthesis

   Isthmic anterolisthesis (also called type 2) is caused by a defect in the pars interarticularis (spondylolysis) but it can also be seen with an elongated pars. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Degenerative anterolisthesis (also called type 3 ) is a disease of the older adult that develops as a result of facet arthritis and joint remodeling.

3. Spondylolysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylolysis

   The vast majority of spondylolysis occur in the lumbar vertebrae, however it can also be seen in cervical vertebrae. [2] The lumbar vertebra consist of a body, pedicle, lamina, pars interarticularis, transverse process, spinous process and superior and inferior articular facets, which form joints that link the vertebrae together. When examining ...

4. Retrolisthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrolisthesis

   Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).

5. Lumbar spondylosis diagnosis can be made by physical exam ...

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6. Modic changes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modic_changes

   The anaerobic bacteria can enter the disc through the breach, causing a low virulent and slowly developing infection. Since the disc is an avascular structure, it is an ideal environment for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Propionibacterium acnes bacteria secrete propionic acid, which can dissolve fatty bone marrow and bone.

7. Radiographic classification of osteoarthritis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiographic...

   Grade Description 0 No radiographic features of osteoarthritis: 1 Possible joint space narrowing (normal joint space is at least 2 mm at the superior acetabulum) [7] and osteophyte formation 2 Definite osteophyte formation with possible joint space narrowing 3 Multiple osteophytes, definite joint space narrowing, sclerosis and possible bony ...