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Pediatric stroke is a stroke that occurs in children or adolescents. Stroke affects an estimated 2.5 to 13 per 100,000 children annually. [1] The signs and symptoms of stroke in children, infants, and newborns are different from those in adults. The causes and risk factors of stroke in children are also different from those in adults. [2]
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is more common in particular situations. 85% of people have at least one of these risk factors: [3] Thrombophilia, a tendency to develop blood clots due to abnormalities in coagulation, e.g. factor V Leiden , deficiency of protein C , protein S or antithrombin , or related problems
The mainstay of VTE management is anticoagulation therapy, which prevents thrombus propagation and embolization. Such treatment reduces the risk of recurrence. [5] [4] [1] The choice and duration of anticoagulation depend on the individual patient's risk factors, bleeding risk, and preferences.
Dozens of genetic risk factors have been identified, [14] and they account for approximately 50 to 60% of the variability in VTE rates. [4] As such, family history of VTE is a risk factor for a first VTE. [88] Factor V Leiden, which makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, [88] mildly increases VTE risk by about three times.
While venous thrombosis of the legs is the most common form, venous thrombosis may occur in other veins. These may have particular specific risk factors: [5] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and jugular vein thrombosis: thrombosis of the veins of the brain and head
Decreased (antigen) levels or impaired function of protein S leads to decreased degradation of factor Va and factor VIIIa and an increased propensity to venous thrombosis. Some risk factors for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in patients with protein S deficiency include pregnancy, older age, hormonal therapy, consumption of birth ...
A 2006 meta-analysis showed only a 1.3-fold increased risk for coronary disease. [6] Deficiencies in the anticoagulants Protein C and Protein S further increase the risk five- to tenfold. [2] Behind non-O blood type [7] and factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A is one of the most common genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism. [4]
Thrombosis may occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or in arteries (arterial thrombosis). Venous thrombosis (sometimes called DVT, deep vein thrombosis) leads to a blood clot in the affected part of the body, while arterial thrombosis (and, rarely, severe venous thrombosis) affects the blood supply and leads to damage of the tissue supplied by ...
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