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  2. Seismoelectrical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismoelectrical_Method

    The electroseismic method is very susceptible to electrical cultural noise, and has also the same noise sources as reflection seismic method, which include ground roll, multiples and random noise. Seismoelectrical method also has a very low signal-to-noise ratio, because the attenuation of electromagnetic waves inside the earth is 1/r^3, thus ...

  3. Seismo-electromagnetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismo-electromagnetics

    The VAN method – named after P. Varotsos, K. Alexopoulos and K. Nomicos, authors of the 1981 papers describing it [1] [2] – measures low frequency electric signals, termed "seismic electric signals" (SES), by which Varotsos and several colleagues claimed to have successfully predicted earthquakes in Greece.

  4. VAN method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAN_method

    The VAN method – named after P. Varotsos, K. Alexopoulos and K. Nomicos, authors of the 1981 papers describing it [1] [2] – measures low frequency electric signals, termed "seismic electric signals" (SES), by which Varotsos and several colleagues claimed to have successfully predicted earthquakes in Greece.

  5. Exploration geophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_geophysics

    Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics and economic geology, which uses physical methods at the surface of the Earth, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties.

  6. Geophysical survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_survey

    There are many methods and types of instruments used in geophysical surveys. Technologies used for geophysical surveys include: [1] Seismic methods, such as reflection seismology, seismic refraction, and seismic tomography. This type of survey is carried out to discover the detailed structure of the rock formations beneath the surface of the Earth.

  7. Near-surface geophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-surface_geophysics

    Near-surface geophysics is the use of geophysical methods to investigate small-scale features in the shallow (tens of meters) subsurface. [1] It is closely related to applied geophysics or exploration geophysics. Methods used include seismic refraction and reflection, gravity, magnetic, electric, and

  8. Seismic source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_source

    A seismic source is a device that generates controlled seismic energy used to perform both reflection and refraction seismic surveys. A seismic source can be simple, such as dynamite , or it can use more sophisticated technology, such as a specialized air gun.

  9. Earthquake engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering

    Seismic performance assessment or seismic structural analysis is a powerful tool of earthquake engineering which utilizes detailed modelling of the structure together with methods of structural analysis to gain a better understanding of seismic performance of building and non-building structures. The technique as a formal concept is a ...