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  2. Refractive index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index

    In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is the ratio of the apparent speed of light in the air or vacuum to the speed in the medium. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted , when entering a material.

  3. List of refractive indices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indices

    Refraction at interface. Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indices often depend strongly upon the frequency of light, causing optical dispersion. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet" sodium D line, with a wavelength (λ) of 589 nanometers.

  4. Optical properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_properties

    The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include: Refractive index; Dispersion; Transmittance and Transmission coefficient; Absorption; Scattering; Turbidity; Reflectance and Reflectivity (reflection coefficient) Albedo; Perceived ...

  5. Numerical aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture

    In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. By incorporating index of refraction in its definition, NA has the property that it is constant for a beam as it goes from one material to another, provided there is no ...

  6. Refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction

    Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n 2 > n 1. Since the phase velocity is lower in the second medium (v 2 < v 1), the angle of refraction θ 2 is less than the angle of incidence θ 1; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.

  7. Index-matching material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index-matching_material

    In fiber optics and telecommunications, an index-matching material may be used in conjunction with pairs of mated connectors or with mechanical splices to reduce signal reflected in the guided mode (known as return loss) (see Optical fiber connector). Without the use of an index-matching material, Fresnel reflections will occur at the smooth ...

  8. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Visulization of flux through differential area and solid angle. As always ^ is the unit normal to the incident surface A, = ^, and ^ is a unit vector in the direction of incident flux on the area element, θ is the angle between them.

  9. Subjective refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_refraction

    Subjective Refraction is a technique to determine the combination of lenses that will provide the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). [1] It is a clinical examination used by orthoptists , optometrists and ophthalmologists to determine a patient's need for refractive correction, in the form of glasses or contact lenses.