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The Negev Bedouin (Arabic: بدْو النقب, Badwu an-Naqab; Hebrew: הבדואים בנגב , HaBedu'im BaNegev) are traditionally pastoral nomadic Arab tribes (), while some are of Sub-Saharan African descent [7], who until the later part of the 19th century would wander between Hijaz in the east and the Sinai Peninsula in the west. [8]
However, these eight tribes account for only a small percentage of the 95 Negev Bedouin tribes documented during the Mandate period. The historical roots of several of the largest tribal confederations of modern times, on the other hand, seem to lie in the Mamluk period, during which a major tribal migration took place.
After that, despite forming alliances with several Bedouin tribes, such as the Banu Amilah, the Banu Ghassan, the Banu Judham, and the Banu Lakhm, who were migrating from the Arabian Peninsula to the southern Negev during this period, [170] the Arab forces encountered little resistance in their Islamic expansion into Palestine beginning in AD 634.
An Arabic history of tribes around Beersheba, published in 1934 records 23 tribal groups. [47] Rahat, the largest Bedouin city in the Negev. State of Israel
Map of the Bedouin tribes in 1908. There are a number of Bedouin tribes, but the total population is often difficult to determine, especially as many Bedouin have ceased to lead nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles. Below is a partial list of Bedouin tribes and their historic place of origin.
After 1948, about 11,000 Bedouin remained in the Negev. Only 19 of the original 95 tribes were left. Those who remained were relocated by the IDF to an area east and south east of Beersheba called Siyag (fence in Hebrew). [53] In 1969–1989, seven Bedouin townships with developed infrastructure were established in order to urbanize Tarabin
But in the aftermath of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, most of the Bedouins living in the southern Negev fled the area or were forced out, relocating to Jordan, Syria, the West Bank and Gaza.
Finally, most Negev Bedouin men are employed as wage laborers, not as white-collar or blue-collar workers. In the face of this fact, it often does not seem a reasonable investment to attain higher education. [9] Among the biggest obstacle to higher education for women is the physical and cultural distance of the universities from Negev Bedouin ...