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Citrus taxonomy is the botanical classification of the species, varieties, cultivars, and graft hybrids within the genus Citrus and related genera, found in cultivation and in the wild. Citrus taxonomy is complex and controversial. [1] [2] Cultivated citrus are derived from various citrus species found in the wild.
Orange—whole, halved, and peeled segment. The orange, also called sweet orange to distinguish it from the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium), is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae. Botanically, this is the hybrid Citrus × sinensis, between the pomelo (Citrus maxima) and the mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata).
The blood orange, or raspberry orange, is a variety of sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis) with crimson, near blood-colored flesh. It is believed to be a naturally occurring mutation of the sweet orange. Bitter orange Seville orange Sour orange Bigarade orange Marmalade orange Citrus × aurantium var amara: Koji orange: Citrus leiocarpa: Navel orange
The multiple hybridisations have made the taxonomy of Citrus complex. [12] [13] Many Citrus species are hybrids of citron, mandarin and pomelo. [13] There are also kumquat and trifoliate orange hybrids. Apart from these core species, Australian limes and the recently discovered mangshanyegan are grown.
Orange blossom essence is an important component in the making of perfume. Orange blossom petals can also be made into a delicately citrus-scented counterpart to rosewater, known as "orange blossom water" or "orange flower water". It is a common ingredient in French and Middle Eastern cuisines, especially in desserts and baked goods.
A mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata), often simply called mandarin, is a small, rounded citrus tree fruit. Treated as a distinct species of orange , it is usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is small and oblate, unlike the roughly spherical sweet orange (which is a mandarin- pomelo hybrid ).
Maclura pomifera, commonly known as the Osage orange (/ ˈ oʊ s eɪ dʒ / OH-sayj), is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, native to the south-central United States. It typically grows about 8 to 15 metres (30–50 ft) tall.
The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production.