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For example, many programming languages provide special syntax for referencing and updating array elements. Abstractly, an array reference is a procedure of two arguments: an array and a subscript vector, which could be expressed as get_array(Array, vector(i,j)). Instead, many languages provide syntax such as Array[i,j].
List comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation (set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.
the Add method, which adds a key and value and throws an exception if the key already exists in the dictionary; assigning to the indexer, which overwrites any existing value, if present; and; assigning to the backing property of the indexer, for which the indexer is syntactic sugar (not applicable to C#, see F# or VB.NET examples).
In the programming language Dylan, which is an object-oriented language that supports multimethods and doesn't have a concept of this, sending a message to an object is still kept in the syntax. The two forms below work in the same way; the differences are just syntactic sugar. object.method(param1, param2) and method (object, param1, param2)
Indentation, extra whitespace, and (with one exception) newlines don't change syntax or semantics. Almost everything is a table. If it isn't a table, it's a string, a number, a boolean, a function, or a nil. Libraries are tables. string.gmatch is the "gmatch" entry in the table named by the global variable string.
A similar example was the lock screen command that stopped visual updating, which was a short form for set the lockscreen to true, where lockscreen is a property of HyperCard itself—also a container. Many examples of this sort of syntactic sugar were found in HyperTalk, in order to simplify the syntax and improve readability of common code.
In this example, it's used for instantiating the OUT class, which is the class for the standard output. The + operator has been overloaded by the class to append the string passed as argument to the stream. Operators such as + are syntactic sugar for conventionally named method calls: a + b stands for a.plus(b). The usual arithmetic precedence ...
Syntactic parsing is one of the important tasks in computational linguistics and natural language processing, and has been a subject of research since the mid-20th century with the advent of computers. Different theories of grammar propose different formalisms for describing the syntactic structure of sentences.