Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Mathematical induction can be informally illustrated by reference to the sequential effect of falling dominoes. [1] [2]Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement () is true for every natural number, that is, that the infinitely many cases (), (), (), (), … all hold.
Pages in category "Mathematical induction" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
The induction, bounding and least number principles are commonly used in reverse mathematics and second-order arithmetic. For example, I Σ 1 {\displaystyle {\mathsf {I}}\Sigma _{1}} is part of the definition of the subsystem R C A 0 {\displaystyle {\mathsf {RCA}}_{0}} of second-order arithmetic.
A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use other previously established statements, such as theorems ; but every proof can, in principle, be constructed using only certain basic or original assumptions known as axioms ...
Coinduction is the mathematical dual to structural induction. [ citation needed ] Coinductively defined data types are known as codata and are typically infinite data structures , such as streams .
In the same treatise, Pascal gave an explicit statement of the principle of mathematical induction. [24] In 1654, he proved Pascal's identity relating the sums of the p-th powers of the first n positive integers for p = 0, 1, 2, ..., k. [26] That same year, Pascal had a religious experience, and mostly gave up work in mathematics.
Structural induction is a proof method that is used in mathematical logic (e.g., in the proof of Łoś' theorem), computer science, graph theory, and some other mathematical fields. It is a generalization of mathematical induction over natural numbers and can be further generalized to arbitrary Noetherian induction .
By the principle of mathematical induction it follows that the result is true for all natural numbers. Now, S(0) is clearly true since cos(0 x ) + i sin(0 x ) = 1 + 0 i = 1 . Finally, for the negative integer cases, we consider an exponent of − n for natural n .