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The personal pronouns and possessives in Modern Standard Hindi of the Hindustani language displays a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (), a direct object (), an indirect object (), or a reflexive object.
Feminine loanwords such as Arabic duniyā ('world') and Sanskrit kriyā ('action') use feminine type-II endings: duniyāẽ ('worlds'), kriyāẽ ('actions'). Perso-Arabic loans ending in final unpronounced -h are handled as masculine marked nouns. [15] Hence bacca(h) → baccā. The former is the Urdu spelling, the latter the Hindi.
Hindi-Urdu, also known as Hindustani, has three noun cases (nominative, oblique, and vocative) [1] [2] and five pronoun cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and oblique). The oblique case in pronouns has three subdivisions: Regular, Ergative , and Genitive .
Hindustani is extremely rich in complex verbs formed by the combinations of noun/adjective and a verb. Complex verbs are of two types: transitive and intransitive. [3]The transitive verbs are obtained by combining nouns/adjectives with verbs such as karnā 'to do', lenā 'to take', denā 'to give', jītnā 'to win' etc.
-ji (IAST: -jī, Hindustani pronunciation:) (Hindustani is an obsolete term and means "Indian perso") is a gender-neutral honorific used as a suffix in many languages of the Indian subcontinent, [1] [2] such as Hindi, Nepali and Punjabi languages and their dialects prevalent in northern India, north-west and central India.
The feminine form is pronounced / ˈ k ɪər ə / KEER-ə or / ˈ k iː r ə / KEE-rə. It might be a feminine form of the name Kiran, pronounced / ˈ k ɪər ə n / KEER-ən. Kiran is of Hindi and Sanskrit origin, meaning "beam of light". In Ancient Hebrew "Keren" means both "a horn" and "a beam of light".
The story even includes a pun about a sparrow, which served as a euphemism for female genitals. The story, which predates the Grimms' by nearly two centuries, actually uses the phrase "the sauce of Love." The Grimms didn't just shy away from the feminine details of sex, their telling of the stories repeatedly highlight violent acts against women.
The daṇḍa and double daṇḍa are the only punctuation used in Sanskrit texts. [2] No distinct punctuation is used to mark questions or exclamations, which must be inferred from other aspects of the sentence. [2] In metrical texts, a double daṇḍa is used to delimit verses, and a single daṇḍa to delimit a pada, line, or semi-verse ...