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Kangaroo mother care (KMC), [1] which involves skin-to-skin contact (SSC), is an intervention to care for premature or low birth weight (LBW) infants. The technique and intervention is the recommended evidence-based care for LBW infants by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2003. [1] [2]
Bergman NJ, Linley LL, Fawcus SR. RCT of skin-to-skin contact from birth versus conventional incubator care for physiological stabilisation in 1200- and 2199-gram newborns. Acta Paediatrica 2004 Vol 93(6); 779-785 Aiano Cattaneo, Riccardo Davanzo, Nils Bergman Nathalie Charpak. Kangaroo mother care in low-income countries.
A positive effect on the recovery is given by direct skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby in the hours after birth. [53] Skin-to-skin contact was shown to reduce the impact of the stress of being born, with babies maintaining their body temperature to a greater degree than those swaddled in a nursery. [54]
Skin-to-skin mother-baby contact should still occur, even if the baby is born by Cesarean surgery. [10]: 27–34 [62] The baby is placed on the mother in the operating room or the recovery area. If the mother is unable to immediately hold the baby a family member can provide skin-to-skin care until the mother is able.
Breast crawl is the instinctive movement of a newborn mammal toward the nipple of its mother for the purpose of latching on to initiate breastfeeding. [1] In humans, if the newborn is laid on its mother's abdomen, movements commence at 12 to 44 minutes after birth, with spontaneous suckling being achieved roughly 27 to 71 minutes after birth.
Newborn baby immediately after birth, covered in vernix. Vernix caseosa, also known as vernix, is the waxy gray substance found that consumes the skin of newborn human babies. [1] It is produced by dedicated cells and is thought to have some protective roles during fetal development and for a few hours after birth.
Harlequin color change is a cutaneous condition seen in newborn babies characterized by momentary red color changes of half the child, sharply demarcated at the body's midline. This transient change occurs in approximately 10% of healthy newborns. [1] It is seen usually between two and five days of birth.
Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns. [1] [2] It appears in 40-70% of newborns within the first week of life, and it typically improves within 1–2 weeks. [2] [3] [4] It only occurs during the newborn period, but may appear slightly later in premature babies. [2] [5] The rash has a variable appearance.