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Viruses have an estimated abundance of 10 30 in the ocean, or between 10 6 and 10 11 viruses per millilitre. [4] Quantification of marine viruses was originally performed using transmission electron microscopy but has been replaced by epifluorescence or flow cytometry .
Viruses are the most abundant life in the ocean, harboring the greatest reservoir of genetic diversity. [256] As their infections are often fatal, they constitute a significant source of mortality and thus have widespread influence on biological oceanographic processes, evolution and biogeochemical cycling within the ocean. [ 257 ]
Phycodnaviridae is a family of large (100–560 kb) double-stranded DNA viruses that infect marine or freshwater eukaryotic algae. Viruses within this family have a similar morphology, with an icosahedral capsid (polyhedron with 20 faces). As of 2014, there were 33 species in this family, divided among 6 genera.
Orthopoxvirus particles. A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase.They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. dsDNA viruses primarily belong ...
The viruses that store their genomic information using DNA, DNA viruses, are the best studied subgrouping of algae-infecting viruses This is especially true for the dsDNA virus family, Phycodnaviridae. [1] [3] However, other groups of dsDNA viruses including giant viruses belonging to the family Mimiviridae also infect algae. [3]
Ocean surface habitats sit at the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean. The biofilm-like habitat at the surface of the ocean harbours surface-dwelling microorganisms, commonly referred to as neuston. This vast air–water interface sits at the intersection of major air–water exchange processes spanning more than 70% of the global ...
Nudiviruses are a genus of anthropod viruses that constitute the family Nudiviridae. [1] Insects and marine crustaceans serve as natural hosts to this family of viruses. Nudiviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses, with their genome notably ranging from 130-140 kilobases in length. There are 20 species in this family, assigned to 4 genera.
Cyanophages are viruses that infect cyanobacteria. Cyanophages can be found in both freshwater and marine environments. [145] Marine and freshwater cyanophages have icosahedral heads, which contain double-stranded DNA, attached to a tail by connector proteins. [146] The size of the head and tail vary among species of cyanophages.