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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (selegiline and rasagiline) increase the level of dopamine in the basal ganglia by blocking its metabolization. They inhibit monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) which breaks down dopamine secreted by the dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, reducing MAO-B results in higher quantities of L-DOPA in the striatum. [3]
[35] [29] However, the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex and multifacted, and MAO-B inhibitors may only slow the progression of the disease and do not halt it. [35] [29] The MAO-B inhibition by oral selegiline shows dosage dependence at typical therapeutic doses and below (i.e., ≤10 mg/day).
Selegiline acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and thereby increases levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. [17] [11] [28] [5] At typical clinical doses used for Parkinson's disease, selegiline is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), increasing brain levels of dopamine.
Isocarboxazid (Marplan, Marplon, Enerzer) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class used as an antidepressant. [6] Along with phenelzine and tranylcypromine, it is one of only three classical MAOIs still available for clinical use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the United States, [7] [8] though it is not as commonly employed in ...
The older MAOIs' heyday was mostly between the years 1957 and 1970. [43] The initial popularity of the 'classic' non-selective irreversible MAO inhibitors began to wane due to their serious interactions with sympathomimetic drugs and tyramine-containing foods that could lead to dangerous hypertensive emergencies. As a result, the use by medical ...
As a MAO inhibitor, safinamide can theoretically cause hypertensive crises, serotonin syndrome and other severe side effects when combined with other MAO inhibitors or with drugs that are known to interact with MAO inhibitors, such as pethidine, dextromethorphan, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–noradrenaline ...
While opipramol is not a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, any irreversible MAOIs should still be discontinued at least 14 days before treatment. Opipramol can compete with other TCAs, beta blockers , antiarrhythmics (of class 1c ) and other drugs for microsomal enzymes , which can lead to slower metabolism and higher plasma concentrations of these ...
Moclobemide is a benzamide, [13] derivative of morpholine, [98] which acts pharmacologically as a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA), [10] a type of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and increases levels of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), dopamine, and especially serotonin [9] [99] in neuronal cells as well as in ...