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Software engineering is a field within computer science focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining of software applications.It involves applying engineering principles and computer programming expertise to develop software systems that meet user needs.
Programs written in the high-level programming languages used to create software share a few main characteristics: knowledge of machine code is not necessary to write them, they can be ported to other computer systems, and they are more concise and human-readable than machine code. [56]
Software architecture is about making fundamental structural choices that are costly to change once implemented. Software architecture choices include specific structural options from possibilities in the design of the software. There are two fundamental laws in software architecture: [3] [4] Everything is a trade-off "Why is more important ...
The design should "minimize the intellectual distance" between the software and the problem as it exists in the real world. That is, the structure of the software design should, whenever possible, mimic the structure of the problem domain. The design should exhibit uniformity and integration. A design is uniform if it appears fully coherent.
Relationship between software desirable characteristics (right) and measurable attributes (left) Software quality measurement is about quantifying to what extent a system or software possesses desirable characteristics. This can be performed through qualitative or quantitative means or a mix of both.
In software engineering, a software design pattern or design pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in many contexts in software design. [1] A design pattern is not a rigid structure that can be transplanted directly into source code. Rather, it is a description or a template for solving a particular type of ...
Operating systems include the software that is always running, called a kernel—but can include other software as well. [6] [8] The two other types of programs that can run on a computer are system programs—which are associated with the operating system, but may not be part of the kernel—and applications—all other software. [8]
Computer science is more theoretical (Turing's essay is an example of computer science), whereas software engineering is focused on more practical concerns. However, prior to 1946, software as we now understand it – programs stored in the memory of stored-program digital computers – did not yet exist. The very first electronic computing ...