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It is often directly translated as "bondservant", although sometimes also simply rendered as the common word, slave, or more specifically within Chinese social and political context as nucai. They were largely divided into three categories [1] [2] [3] translated into English: company servants (Chinese: 佐領下人; Chinese: zuǒlǐng xiàrén)
indentured servant, may be called a "bondservant" Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bondsman .
[9] [10] Bhutan is described by Tashi Wangchuk, a Bhutanese civil servant, as having officially abolished serfdom by 1959, but he believes that less than or about 10% of poor peasants were in copyhold situations. [11] The United Nations 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery also prohibits serfdom as a practice similar to ...
indentured servants of the booi; the state bondservants (Manchu: sinjeku, Chinese: 辛者庫). [7] In total, there were three nirus of the department consist of booi. They are Cigu Niru (Chinese niru), Solho Niru (Korean niru) and Hoise Niru (Muslim niru) respectively. The demographic composition of the department was thus diverse.
Manchu Bannermen who needed money helped falsify registration for Han Chinese servants being adopted into the Manchu banners and Manchu families who lacked sons were allowed to adopt their servant's sons or servants themselves. [77] The Manchu families were paid to adopt Han Chinese sons from bondservant families by those families.
In addition, the ESV translation committee decided to modify the use of the word "slave" (being the Greek word doulos) on a case by case basis throughout the New Testament, being retranslated to either "bondservant" or "servant" to disambiguate the context of the situation. [65] [66]
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A handmaiden (nowadays less commonly handmaid or maidservant) is a personal maid or female servant. [1] The term is also used metaphorically for something whose primary role is to serve or assist.) [ 1 ] Depending on culture or historical period, a handmaiden may be of enslaved status or may be simply an employee.