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The long or longitudinal axis is defined by points at the opposite ends of the organism. Similarly, a perpendicular transverse axis can be defined by points on opposite sides of the organism. There is typically no basis for the definition of a third axis.
Coronal axis, medial-lateral axis, or frontal axis is the axis perpendicular to the sagittal plane, i.e., the one formed by the intersection of the coronal and the transversal planes. [8] Extension and flexion are the movements of limbs within the sagittal plane. [9] Abduction and adduction are terms for movements of limbs within the coronal ...
The latter flexure mainly appears in mammals and sauropsids (reptiles and birds), whereas the other two, and principally the cephalic flexure, appear in all vertebrates (the sum of the cervical and cephalic ventral flexures is the cause of the 90-degree angle mentioned above in humans between body axis and brain axis).
For example, blood can be said to flow in a proximal or distal direction, and anteroposterior, mediolateral, and inferosuperior axes are lines along which the body extends, like the X, Y, and Z axes of a Cartesian coordinate system. An axis can be projected to a corresponding plane.
Axial – along the center of a round body, or the axis of rotation of a body; Radial – along a direction pointing along a radius from the center of an object, or perpendicular to a curved path. Circumferential (or azimuthal) – following around a curve or circumference of an object.
(a) flexion and extension around the mediolateral axis, which give rise to the ordinary forward and backward nodding of the head. (b) slight lateral motion, lateroflexion, to one or other side around the anteroposterior axis.
An ellipse (red), its evolute (blue), and its medial axis (green). The symmetry set, a super-set of the medial axis, is the green and yellow curves. One bi-tangent circle is shown. (a) A simple 3d object. (b) Its medial axis transform. The colors represent the distance from the medial axis to the object's boundary.
Whether in reference to the anatomy of the human or other members of the Bilateria, the median plane, also called a mid-sagittal plane and related terms, is used to describe the sagittal plane as it bisects the body vertically through the midline marked by the navel, dividing the body exactly in left and right side.