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  2. Degrees of freedom (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom...

    In equations, the typical symbol for degrees of freedom is ν (lowercase Greek letter nu).In text and tables, the abbreviation "d.f." is commonly used. R. A. Fisher used n to symbolize degrees of freedom but modern usage typically reserves n for sample size.

  3. Degrees of freedom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom

    In many scientific fields, the degrees of freedom of a system is the number of parameters of the system that may vary independently. For example, a point in the plane has two degrees of freedom for translation : its two coordinates ; a non-infinitesimal object on the plane might have additional degrees of freedoms related to its orientation .

  4. Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(physics...

    In physics and chemistry, a degree of freedom is an independent physical parameter in the chosen parameterization of a physical system.More formally, given a parameterization of a physical system, the number of degrees of freedom is the smallest number of parameters whose values need to be known in order to always be possible to determine the values of all parameters in the chosen ...

  5. Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)

    In physics, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration or state. It is important in the analysis of systems of bodies in mechanical engineering, structural engineering, aerospace engineering, robotics, and other fields.

  6. Chi-squared distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution

    For the chi-squared distribution, only the positive integer numbers of degrees of freedom (circles) are meaningful. By the central limit theorem , because the chi-squared distribution is the sum of k {\displaystyle k} independent random variables with finite mean and variance, it converges to a normal distribution for large k {\displaystyle k} .

  7. Degree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree

    Degree of curvature, a unit of curvature measurement, used in civil engineering; Degrees of freedom (mechanics), the number of displacements or rotations needed to define the position and orientation of a body; Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), a concept describing dependence on a countable set of parameters

  8. Student's t-distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student's_t-distribution

    For the statistic t, with ν degrees of freedom, A(t | ν) is the probability that t would be less than the observed value if the two means were the same (provided that the smaller mean is subtracted from the larger, so that t ≥ 0). It can be easily calculated from the cumulative distribution function F ν (t) of the t distribution:

  9. Generalized coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_coordinates

    A degree of freedom corresponds to one quantity that changes the configuration of the system, for example the angle of a pendulum, or the arc length traversed by a bead along a wire. If it is possible to find from the constraints as many independent variables as there are degrees of freedom, these can be used as generalized coordinates. [ 5 ]