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The peptides can be specially designed for specificity. A single peptide vaccine can be designed to have multiple epitopes to generate immune responses for several diseases. The vaccines only contain a short peptide chain, so they are less like to lead to allergic or auto-immune responses. Disadvantages: Poor immunogenicity. Unstable in cells.
Gp100:209-217(210M) is a synthetic peptide cancer vaccine consisting of amino acid residues 209 through 217 of the glycoprotein 100 (gp100) melanoma antigen, with a methionine substitution at position 210. [1] It is often referred to as the gp100 cancer vaccine which can also include other peptides based on gp100 (for example gp100:280-288(288V ...
Rindopepimut (CDX-110) is an injectable peptide cancer vaccine [1] which targets a mutant protein called EGFRvIII present in about 25% to 30% of glioblastoma cases. [2]The vaccine consists of the EGFRv3-specific peptide (a 13-amino acid mutant vIII epitope [3]) conjugated to the non-specific immunomodulator keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
NeuVax is a peptide vaccine aimed at preventing or delaying the recurrence of breast cancer in cancer survivors who achieve remission after standard of care treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). [1] The product's developer is the US biotechnology company Galena Biopharma.
Cancer vaccines can also divided into specific or universal cancer vaccine based on the types of cancer it is used for. Specific cancer vaccines are only used to treat a particular type of cancer while universal vaccine can be used to treat different types of cancer. [4]
Cancer immunoprevention is the prevention of cancer onset with immunological means such as vaccines, immunostimulators or antibodies. [1] [2] Cancer immunoprevention is conceptually different from cancer immunotherapy, which aims at stimulating immunity in patients only after tumor onset, however the same immunological means can be used both in immunoprevention and in immunotherapy.
Cancer is the major cause of deaths in the recent era. Cancer types and stages have enhanced with time and so has efforts to treat cancer. Currently, there are about 369 cancer vaccine studies ongoing all around the world. [11] There are three cancer therapeutic vaccines which are approved by USA Food and Drug Administration, as following;
A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. [1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient.