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The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death. These rituals included mummifying the body , casting magic spells , and burials with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife .
Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media. It was a conservative tradition whose ...
Nefertiti bust, from the 18th dynasty, New kingdom Egyptian death mask from the 18th dynasty. Louvre, Paris portrait of Meritamun, 19th dynasty of Egypt. Portraiture in ancient Egypt forms a conceptual attempt to portray "the subject from its own perspective rather than the viewpoint of the artist ... to communicate essential information about the object itself". [1]
Wooden tomb models were deposited as grave goods in the tombs and burial shafts throughout early Egyptian History, most notably in the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. They included a wide variety of wooden figurines and scenes, such as boats, granaries , baking and brewing scenes and butchery scenes.
Funerary masks were used throughout the Egyptian periods. Examples range from the gold masks of Tutankhamun and Psusennes I to the Roman "mummy portraits" from Hawara and the Fayum. Whether in a funerary or religious context, the purpose of a mask was the same: to transform the wearer from a mortal to a divine state. [3]
Combining Egyptian and Greek pictorial forms or motifs was not restricted to funerary art, however: the public and highly visible portraits of Ptolemaic dynasts and Roman emperors grafted iconography developed for a ruler's Greek or Roman images onto Egyptian statues in the dress and posture of Egyptian kings and queens.
The ushabti (also called shabti or shawabti, with a number of variant spellings) was a funerary figurine used in ancient Egyptian funerary practices. The Egyptological term is derived from đ ąđđđđđž wšbtj, which replaced earlier đˇđŻđđđđž šwbtj, perhaps the nisba of đđŻđđ šwęŁb "Persea tree".
Funerary art is any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead. Funeral coin is used for coins issued on the occasion of the death of a prominent person, mostly a ruling prince or a coin-lord. Funeral games are athletic competitions held in honor of a recently deceased person. [12]