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Juxtaphrenic peak sign is a radiographic sign seen in lobar collapse or after lobectomy of the lung. [1] [2] This sign was first described by Katten and colleagues in 1980, and therefore, it is also called Katten's sign. [3] The juxtaphrenic peak is most commonly caused due to the traction from the inferior accessory fissure.
When a substance other than air fills an area of the lung it increases that area's density. On both x-ray and CT, this appears more grey or hazy as opposed to the normally dark-appearing lungs. Although it can sometimes be seen in normal lungs, common pathologic causes include infections, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary edema. [2] [3]
CLE affects the upper lung lobes more than the lower lobes, and the left lung more often than the right lung. [38] CLE is defined as the hyperinflation of one or more lobes of the lung due to the partial obstruction of the bronchus. This causes symptoms of pressure on the nearby organs.
Low magnification micrograph of pneumatosis intestinalis in bowel wall.. Pneumoperitoneum (or peritoneal emphysema), air or gas in the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal viscus, generally a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
An accessory fissure was also found in 14% and 22% of left and right lungs, respectively. [47] An oblique fissure was found to be incomplete in 21% to 47% of left lungs. [48] In some cases a fissure is absent, or extra, resulting in a right lung with only two lobes, or a left lung with three lobes. [46]
A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. [1] Cavities in the lung can be caused by infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, trauma, congenital defects, [2] or pulmonary embolism. [3] The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [4]
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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules.