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The Torah is also considered a sacred book outside Judaism; in Samaritanism, the Samaritan Pentateuch is a text of the Torah written in the Samaritan script and used as sacred scripture by the Samaritans; the Torah is also common among all the different versions of the Christian Old Testament; in Islam, the Tawrat (Arabic: توراة) is the ...
The Law of Moses or Torah of Moses (Hebrew: תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה , Torat Moshe, Septuagint Ancient Greek: νόμος Μωυσῆ, nómos Mōusē, or in some translations the "Teachings of Moses" [1]) is a biblical term first found in the Book of Joshua 8:31–32, where Joshua writes the Hebrew words of "Torat Moshe תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה " on an altar of stones at Mount Ebal.
Jewish tradition held that all five books were originally written by Moses in the 2nd millennium BCE, but since the 17th century modern scholars have rejected Mosaic authorship. [2] The precise process by which the Torah was composed, the number of authors involved, and the date of each author remain hotly contested. [3]
The number of distinct words in the Hebrew Bible is 8,679, of which 1,480 are hapax legomena, [61]: 112 words or expressions that occur only once. The number of distinct Semitic roots , on which many of these biblical words are based, is roughly 2000.
In Judaism, some regard the practice of counting letters and words as a mitzvah and a virtue. [4] According to the current version, the Hebrew Bible has approximately 22,864 verses, 306,757 Hebrew words, and 1,202,972 Hebrew letters. [5] Out of these, there are 5,845 verses, 79,980 Hebrew words, and 304,805 letters in five books of the Torah. [6]
The Mishnah or the Mishna (/ ˈ m ɪ ʃ n ə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah שנה , or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
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The number of attested Rabbinic Hebrew words is less than 20,000, of which (i) 7879 are Rabbinic par excellence, i.e. they did not appear in the Old Testament (the number of new Rabbinic Hebrew roots is 805); (ii) around 6000 are a subset of Biblical Hebrew; and (iii) several thousand are Aramaic words which can have a Hebrew form.