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The reaction has been the subject of several literature reviews. [1] [2] [3] The Nef reaction: 1. Salt of a nitroalkane 3. Ketone 4. Nitrous oxide. The reaction was reported in 1894 by the chemist John Ulric Nef, [4] who treated the sodium salt of nitroethane with sulfuric acid resulting in an 85–89% yield of nitrous oxide and at least 70% ...
Nitroethane is an organic compound having the chemical formula C 2 H 5 NO 2. Similar in many regards to nitromethane , nitroethane is an oily liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Pure nitroethane is colorless and has a fruity odor.
Nitromethane reacts with solutions of sodium hydroxide or methoxide in alcohol to produce an insoluble salt of nitromethane. This substance is a sensitive explosive which reverts to nitromethane under acidic conditions and decomposes in water to form another explosive compound, sodium methazonate, which has a reddish-brown color:
In the so-called Ter Meer reaction (1876) named after Edmund ter Meer, [14] the reactant is a 1,1-halonitroalkane: The reaction mechanism is proposed in which in the first slow step a proton is abstracted from nitroalkane 1 to a carbanion 2 followed by protonation to an aci-nitro 3 and finally nucleophilic displacement of chlorine based on an ...
Note that nitrogen is a better nucleophile than oxygen and most nitrites would react via an S N 2-like mechanism and the major product would be nitromethane. For example, sodium and potassium nitrite reacting with iodomethane would produce mostly nitromethane, with methyl nitrite as the minor product.
A neutralization reaction is a type of double replacement reaction. A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with an equal amount of a base. This reaction usually produces a salt. One example, hydrochloric acid reacts with disodium iron tetracarbonyl to produce the iron dihydride: 2 HCl + Na 2 Fe(CO) 4 → 2 NaCl + H 2 Fe(CO) 4
A BLEVE–fireball at the Philadelphia Energy Solutions refinery, as rendered by the CSB. A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE, / ˈ b l ɛ v iː / BLEV-ee) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid that is or has reached a temperature sufficiently higher than its boiling point at atmospheric pressure.
Molten-salt reactors are a type of nuclear reactor that uses molten salt(s) as a coolant or as a solvent in which the fissile material is dissolved. Experimental salts using lithium can be formed that have a melting point of 116 °C while still having a heat capacity of 1.54 J/(g·K).