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2. Carbonate hardness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_hardness

   Carbonate hardness, is a measure of the water hardness caused by the presence of carbonate (CO 2− 3) and bicarbonate (HCO − 3) anions. Carbonate hardness is usually expressed either in degrees KH (from the German "Karbonathärte"), or in parts per million calcium carbonate ( ppm CaCO 3 or grams CaCO 3 per litre|mg/L).

3. Hard water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water

   In these parts of Canada, the total hardness in ppm of calcium carbonate equivalent frequently exceeds 200 ppm, if groundwater is the only source of potable water. The west coast, by contrast, has unusually soft water, derived mainly from mountain lakes fed by glaciers and snowmelt.

4. dKH - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKH

   Degrees of german carbonate hardness (°dKH or °KH; the dKH is from the German deutsche Karbonathärte) is a unit of water hardness, specifically for temporary or carbonate hardness. Carbonate hardness is a measure of the concentration of carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3) per volume of water. As a ...

5. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes

6. Hardnesses of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements...

   Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...

7. Water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

   Water hardness is also a critical factor in food processing and may be altered or treated by using a chemical ion exchange system. It can dramatically affect the quality of a product, as well as playing a role in sanitation. Water hardness is classified based on concentration of calcium carbonate the water contains.